Health News from Ghana

The latest health news from Ghana, curated from the country's leading newsrooms and updated through the day. Newest stories first.

UNFPA Regional Director Dr. Sennen Hounton Calls for Enhanced Health Financing to Combat Maternal Mortality in Africa
health|

UNFPA Regional Director Dr. Sennen Hounton Calls for Enhanced Health Financing to Combat Maternal Mortality in Africa

Dr. Sennen Hounton, the UNFPA Regional Director for West and Central Africa, has identified health system weaknesses and persistent social inequalities as the primary drivers of Africa's high maternal mortality rates. Speaking during a media session at the African Union summit, Dr. Hounton clarified that the persistent challenge is not necessarily a lack of political commitment, but rather a shortfall in adequate financing and the absence of integrated development strategies. He emphasized that addressing these systemic gaps is crucial for safeguarding the lives of mothers and infants across the continent, noting that progress is possible when health is prioritized. Highlighting the diverse landscape of maternal health in the region, Dr. Hounton pointed to the significant strides made by countries such as Sierra Leone, which has markedly improved its maternal health outcomes over the past two decades. However, he expressed grave concern over the high proportion of maternal deaths occurring among adolescents. To mitigate this, the Director advocated for comprehensive education and a strategic shift toward the local production of reproductive health commodities. Reducing the continent's heavy reliance on imported medical supplies is seen as a vital step toward ensuring consistent access to life-saving resources, particularly in rural and underserved areas. During his address, Dr. Hounton specifically lauded Ghana's efforts in tackling the regional and social inequalities that hinder healthcare delivery. He noted that Ghana's commitment to using reliable data for maternal health interventions serves as a critical model for other African nations. By prioritizing data-driven policies, the country is better positioned to identify at-risk populations and allocate resources more effectively. He urged African nations to move beyond viewing maternal health as a siloed medical issue and instead treat it as a cornerstone of broader economic and social development strategies. Looking forward, the UNFPA is calling for a multi-sectoral approach that involves robust investments in education, infrastructure, and domestic resource mobilization. Dr. Hounton stressed that without sustainable financing and a focus on protecting vulnerable young people, the goal of eliminating preventable maternal deaths will remain elusive. The integration of maternal health into national development agendas is essential for the continent to achieve long-term stability and health equity for all its citizens.

Tinjasi Assembly Member Samuel Konja Faces Mounting Pressure Following Alleged Assault on Local Midwife
health|

Tinjasi Assembly Member Samuel Konja Faces Mounting Pressure Following Alleged Assault on Local Midwife

The Assembly Member for Tinjasi, Mr. Samuel Konja, is under significant pressure from both residents and traditional authorities to apologize for his alleged assault on a midwife stationed at the Tinjasi Health Centre in the Nkwanta North District. The incident has had immediate and dire consequences for local healthcare delivery, as the midwife has since withdrawn her services from the facility, citing safety concerns. Her departure has effectively halted maternal healthcare services in the community, leaving many vulnerable residents without essential medical support. The withdrawal of the midwife has forced pregnant women and other patients to travel long distances to access healthcare, a situation that community leaders describe as both dangerous and unsustainable. Traditional authorities in Tinjasi intervened by inviting Mr. Konja to explain his side of the story, but they reportedly found his defense unconvincing. The leaders, alongside concerned residents, have emphasized that a formal apology and a reconciliation process are necessary to facilitate the return of the health worker and restore normalcy to the health centre. This development underscores the fragile nature of healthcare delivery in rural Ghana, where the safety of personnel is paramount to the continued operation of vital facilities. Residents fear that if the impasse is not resolved quickly, the lack of maternal care could lead to health complications for expectant mothers in the district. While the community waits for a resolution, attempts to obtain a comment from Mr. Konja regarding the allegations have remained unsuccessful. The situation highlights the urgent need for local leaders to uphold the safety of public servants to ensure that essential services are not jeopardized by personal or political disputes.

Premier Health Insurance Marks 15th Anniversary with 150-Wheelchair Donation Drive for Public Hospitals
health|

Premier Health Insurance Marks 15th Anniversary with 150-Wheelchair Donation Drive for Public Hospitals

Premier Health Insurance has launched a nationwide initiative to donate 150 wheelchairs to public health facilities across Ghana in commemoration of its 15th anniversary. This philanthropic effort is designed to address critical mobility gaps within the public healthcare system, ensuring that patients can be transported safely and efficiently within hospital premises. The distribution reflects the company’s commitment to corporate social responsibility and its ongoing support for the healthcare system to enhance the delivery of quality medical services to the Ghanaian public. The initiative, which spans multiple regions, recently saw a significant contribution to the Sunyani Teaching Hospital, where 20 wheelchairs were handed over to the facility’s management. Percy Asare Ansah, the Chief Executive Officer of Premier Health Insurance, explained that the decision to prioritize wheelchairs was born out of direct observations of equipment shortages during visits to several medical facilities. According to Mr. Ansah, the sight of patients struggling due to a lack of basic mobility aids prompted the company to act. By providing these essential tools, the company aims to ease the burden on both healthcare workers and patients, particularly in emergency departments where rapid movement is vital for saving lives. Beyond its charitable activities, Premier Health Insurance is setting ambitious growth targets for the coming decade to further its mission of universal health coverage. The company intends to expand its current subscriber base from 120,000 members to approximately 500,000 over the next five to ten years. This growth strategy is paired with strong advocacy for broader access to health insurance, encouraging Ghanaians to secure their well-being through formal schemes. Hospital administrators have expressed profound gratitude for the donations, noting that such interventions are essential for maintaining efficient hospital operations and improving patient outcomes in the public sector.

Dignitaries and participants in the opening ceremony of the 2026 West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP) Research Conference
health|

Professor Fred Binka Proposes Splitting Ghana's FDA into Independent Food and Drug Authorities

Prof. Fred Binka, a renowned clinical epidemiologist, has called for a significant restructuring of Ghana’s regulatory landscape by advocating for the division of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) into two separate entities. Speaking at the 2026 West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP) Research Conference at the University of Ghana, Binka argued that the current structure, which manages both food and drug safety under one umbrella, is increasingly overwhelmed. The proposal aims to ensure more specialized oversight as the country faces evolving health and safety challenges under the current administration of President John Mahama. During his keynote address, Prof. Binka highlighted that the magnitude of food safety issues in Ghana has reached a point where a dedicated organization is necessary. He emphasized the urgent need for a larger workforce of trained bioscientists to monitor food production and distribution channels effectively. By separating the mandates, the proposed food authority would focus exclusively on the complexities of the food supply chain, while a dedicated drug authority would oversee the pharmaceutical sector, potentially leading to more rigorous enforcement of standards across both industries. To further enhance regulatory efficiency, Prof. Binka suggested that the FDA should consider outsourcing laboratory testing to established research institutions. He specifically named the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research and WACCBIP as certified entities capable of handling advanced diagnostic and safety tests. This approach, he argued, would leverage local scientific expertise and infrastructure, reducing the burden on internal FDA laboratories and speeding up the certification process for products entering the Ghanaian market. The 2026 WACCBIP Research Conference, centered on the theme "African Bioscience at the interface of health, disease and environment," continues to explore the intersections of climate change, infectious diseases, and biotechnology. Prof. Binka's proposal reflects a broader push within the scientific community to modernize Ghana’s public health infrastructure. As the conference progresses, the call for structural reform underscores the vital role of advanced bioscience in safeguarding the nation's health and navigating the complexities of a modern regulatory environment.

Ghana Health Service and International Sickle Cell Centre Launch Five-Year Partnership to Combat Sickle Cell Disease
health|

Ghana Health Service and International Sickle Cell Centre Launch Five-Year Partnership to Combat Sickle Cell Disease

The Ghana Health Service (GHS) has entered into a strategic five-year partnership with the International Sickle Cell Centre (ISCC) to significantly overhaul the nation’s response to sickle cell disease (SCD). Formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), this collaboration aims to address the significant public health burden of SCD in Ghana, where approximately 18,000 infants are born with the condition every year. By focusing on a multi-pronged approach that includes early screening and comprehensive care, the initiative seeks to improve survival rates and the quality of life for thousands of affected families across the country. The agreement is structured around five strategic priority areas: education, screening, comprehensive care, research, and health systems strengthening. A primary objective is to implement national policies more effectively, ensuring that prevention strategies and long-term management protocols reach those who need them most. Stakeholders from both the GHS and ISCC emphasized that the partnership will prioritize underserved communities, where access to specialized hematological care is often limited. By integrating SCD management into broader public health initiatives, the GHS intends to create a more resilient framework for chronic disease management. Beyond clinical care, the partnership places a heavy emphasis on public education and awareness to destigmatize the condition and encourage genetic counseling. A national education program is currently being planned to inform the public about the importance of knowing one’s sickle cell status and the available treatment options. To ensure the initiative remains on track and achieves its long-term goals, a Joint Steering Committee has been established. This body will be responsible for coordinating efforts between the two organizations, monitoring progress, and ensuring that the implementation of the MoU remains sustainable over its five-year duration. The signing of this MoU represents a critical step forward in Ghana’s commitment to specialized healthcare delivery. As the country continues to refine its national health strategies, the collaboration between the state health provider and a specialized international entity like the ISCC serves as a model for effective healthcare partnerships. By fostering a data-driven approach through research and health system enhancement, the GHS and ISCC aim to provide a more hopeful future for the thousands of children born with sickle cell disease in Ghana, ultimately reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with the condition.

Dr Ama Antwiwaa Adu-Appiah (middle), Medical Officer at the Paga Hospital, presenting the items to Zita Abdulaih (left), Nurse Manager at the Paga Hospital. Looking on is Raphael Pariyewe (right), Organiser of the Paga Youth Movement
health|

GTBank and IJM Ghana Lead Initiatives for Specialized Care as Medical Philanthropy Bolsters Paga Hospital

Ghanaian health and social welfare sectors are seeing a surge in specialized support initiatives, ranging from private sector advocacy for neurodiversity to professional training in trauma-informed care. These efforts, complemented by individual acts of medical philanthropy in underserved regions, aim to bridge gaps in the national healthcare delivery system. Central to this wave of progress are new programs from Guaranty Trust Bank (Ghana) and the International Justice Mission (IJM) Ghana, which focus on fostering inclusion for autistic individuals and improving survivor-centered services for victims of trauma. These developments underscore a growing movement toward holistic care that addresses both physical and psychological health needs. Thomas Attah John, Managing Director of GTBank Ghana, has called for a shift from mere awareness to "Acceptance in Action" regarding autism. Speaking ahead of a free workshop scheduled for August 4-8 at the University of Professional Studies, Accra, Mr. John emphasized that inclusive measures must be proactive to truly support families and educators. This drive for specialized care is mirrored in the efforts of IJM Ghana, which, in partnership with the Department of Social Welfare and Community Development, recently trained child protection stakeholders in Trauma-Informed Care (TIC). This training emphasized the need for empathy and practical tools to support survivors, ensuring that justice and social welfare professionals are better equipped to handle the complexities of developmental and psychological trauma while maintaining their own well-being. While institutional efforts expand, individual contributions are proving vital in regions facing staffing and resource shortages. In the Upper East Region, Dr. Ama Antwiwaa Adu-Appiah has set a significant example by donating a GH0,000 cash reward—received from the Paga Youth Movement (PAYOM)—to equip Paga Hospital. Her donation provided essential medical supplies, including nebulisers and blood pressure machines. This gesture is particularly noteworthy given the ongoing trend of medical professionals declining postings to the region, highlighting a deep commitment to community health and the potential for local collaborations to improve patient outcomes despite systemic challenges. These advancements in clinical and specialized care occur alongside complex social and family health challenges that continue to affect the Ghanaian populace. Public discussions surrounding marital health and maternal welfare highlights the intricate relationship between family stability and community health. By integrating private sector resources, professional training, and individual dedication, Ghana continues to build a more robust framework for addressing the multifaceted needs of its citizens, ensuring that neither autistic children nor survivors of trauma are left behind in the pursuit of a healthier nation.

Ghana Statistical Service Reports 15% Teenage Pregnancy Rate as UNFPA Urges Strategic Investment to Curb Maternal Mortality
health|

Ghana Statistical Service Reports 15% Teenage Pregnancy Rate as UNFPA Urges Strategic Investment to Curb Maternal Mortality

Data from the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) reveals that 15% of girls aged 15–19 in Ghana have experienced pregnancy, a figure that underscores the urgent need for integrated health and development interventions. This data aligns with warnings from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), which identifies adolescent pregnancy as a significant contributor to maternal mortality across West and Central Africa. As President John Mahama’s administration continues its second non-consecutive term, health experts and statisticians are calling for a shift from general political commitment to robust financial investment and systemic reform to protect young women and improve maternal health outcomes. Dr. Sennen Hounton, the UNFPA Regional Director for West and Central Africa, has emphasized that the persistent challenge of maternal mortality is rooted in fundamental health system weaknesses and deep-seated social inequalities rather than a lack of political will. While praising Ghana’s specific commitment to addressing these disparities, Dr. Hounton noted that a high proportion of maternal deaths occur among adolescents who lack access to necessary education and resources. He highlighted that significant progress is possible, citing improvements in countries like Sierra Leone, but stressed that African nations must enhance local production of reproductive health commodities to reduce their reliance on imported supplies. The GSS report, based on the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, further clarifies that 11% of the 15–19 age group have already given birth, creating substantial barriers to their educational advancement and future economic participation. This demographic trend poses a risk to the nation’s long-term development goals, as early pregnancy often limits the ability of young women to contribute fully to the economy. Consequently, the GSS and international partners are advocating for a holistic approach that includes increased funding for technical education and the creation of stronger pathways from school to the workforce to harness Ghana's demographic potential. To achieve a sustainable reduction in maternal mortality, both the GSS and UNFPA recommend that maternal health be integrated into broader national development strategies rather than being treated as an isolated medical issue. This requires leveraging reliable data for targeted interventions and ensuring that health financing is both adequate and consistent across all regions. As Ghana moves forward, the focus remains on closing the gap between policy and implementation, ensuring that the health, education, and employment rights of young people are prioritized to secure a more equitable and prosperous future for the country.

FDA seizes contaminated fish after viral video exposes unhygienic processing
health|

Food and Drugs Authority Intensifies Food Safety Enforcement Amid Growing Calls for Regulatory Decentralization

The Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) of Ghana has taken decisive action against unhygienic food processing practices following the circulation of a viral video exposing unsafe fish handling. In a joint operation conducted on July 27, 2026, alongside the Tema Metropolitan Assembly and the Ghana Police Service, officials confiscated significant quantities of smoked and dried fish that were processed under substandard conditions. This enforcement action highlights the agency's commitment to public health, with the FDA announcing an expanded education campaign to sensitize fish processors on health risks and safe processing techniques while urging consumers to remain vigilant and report suspicious activities. While the FDA continues to exercise its enforcement mandate in the interest of consumer safety, the agency faces ongoing scrutiny regarding its regulatory framework and administrative processes. Critics, including Gabriel Agambila, the founder of Alagumgube, have pointed out that the current centralized model of product testing and approval creates significant hurdles for businesses outside the capital. Agambila argues that the concentration of laboratory facilities in Accra often leads to prolonged delays in testing, which can result in heavy financial losses for producers of perishable goods who must wait for compliance certifications before entering the market. The push for decentralization is particularly acute in regions such as the Upper East, where local businesses have expressed frustration over being labeled as non-compliant despite the lack of accessible testing infrastructure. Stakeholders argue that rather than focusing solely on warnings and seizures, the FDA should invest in regional laboratory facilities to streamline the registration of local products. This would not only support the growth of indigenous industries but also enhance public health by ensuring that more products on the market are professionally vetted in a timely manner. Moving forward, the FDA's ability to safeguard Ghanaian consumers will depend on balancing rigorous enforcement with structural reforms. While the recent seizure in Tema demonstrates the agency's responsiveness to immediate public health threats, the calls for decentralized testing reflect a broader need for a more inclusive regulatory environment. As the authority extends its safety campaigns, the establishment of regional infrastructure remains a critical next step in fostering a compliant and thriving domestic market while effectively monitoring the influx of unlabeled and unsupervised imported goods.

Dr Caroline Lukaszyk (left), Technical Officer for Unintentional Injury Prevention at the World Health Organisation, Prof. Emmanuel Nakua, a member of  the KNUST research team, and Rebecca Bavinger, representative of Bloomberg Philanthropies, at the media engagement
health|

KNUST Study Reveals 1,360 Drowning Deaths in Ghana; Experts Call for Urgent Safety Reforms

A comprehensive study conducted by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in partnership with the CDC Foundation has uncovered a staggering mortality rate linked to drowning in Ghana. Between 2019 and 2021, at least 1,360 individuals lost their lives to drowning across the country. The research, which gathered data from 52 districts through intensive interviews and record reviews, highlights a critical public health challenge that necessitates immediate policy intervention and community awareness to mitigate preventable loss of life. The findings indicate that certain demographics are disproportionately affected by this crisis. Young adults and children under the age of five—particularly males—were identified as the groups at the highest risk. Most incidents occurred in natural bodies of water such as rivers and oceans, which remain common sites for both recreation and transit. The study pointed to several significant behavioral and environmental risk factors, including the consumption of alcohol before swimming, a widespread lack of swimming proficiency, and the inadequate use of lifejackets. Furthermore, unpredictable weather conditions were cited as a major contributing factor in several fatal incidents recorded over the three-year period. Beyond natural water bodies, the report shed light on hazardous man-made structures that pose a silent threat to communities. Professor Emmanuel Nakua emphasized the peculiar danger posed by septic tanks that have effectively become "water traps," often remaining uncovered or poorly secured until a tragedy occurs. Officials from the World Health Organization (WHO) also contributed to the discourse, noting that while drowning is a global issue, the situation in Ghana is exacerbated by insufficient environmental regulations. They urged for stricter controls to prevent flooding and manage drainage systems, which frequently contribute to drowning risks during the rainy season. To address these alarming statistics, researchers and health officials are advocating for a multi-pronged approach focusing on infrastructure, education, and safety standards. Recommendations include the mandatory use of safety equipment, the implementation of nationwide water safety education programs, and the enhancement of physical infrastructure to secure open water sources. As the current administration under President John Mahama continues to address national health priorities, this study serves as a vital call to action for the government and stakeholders to integrate drowning prevention into the national safety agenda.

Jean Kaseya, Director-General of Africa CDC, delivering his speech
health|

Health Minister Kwabena Mintah Akandoh Spearheads Reforms for Pharmaceutical Sovereignty and Supply Chain Safety

Minister for Health Kwabena Mintah Akandoh has unveiled a comprehensive strategy to transform Ghana’s pharmaceutical landscape, focusing on both the immediate safety of the medical supply chain and the long-term goal of achieving "pharmaceutical sovereignty." Addressing Parliament and industry stakeholders, the Minister detailed new regulatory measures designed to ensure that all medical products distributed within the country meet rigorous international standards. This dual-pronged approach aims to protect public health through stricter oversight while simultaneously building a resilient local industry capable of meeting domestic needs without heavy reliance on foreign imports. Central to this initiative is the enforcement of the Public Health Act, 2012 (Act 851), which mandates the licensing of storage facilities under the supervision of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA). Minister Akandoh emphasized that Ghana’s storage and distribution guidelines are now fully aligned with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. To ensure compliance, the government is facilitating continuous training for pharmacists, healthcare providers, and logistics personnel on Good Storage and Distribution Practices. These measures are expected to enhance transparency and efficiency, ensuring that quality-assured medicines reach every corner of the country. Beyond logistics, the government is collaborating with the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Ghana (PMAG) to accelerate local production and innovation. At a recent industry conference in Accra, stakeholders underscored the urgency of reducing dependence on imported medicines—a vulnerability starkly exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. To drive this transition, the Ministry of Health is implementing a National Pharmaceutical Policy and exploring the creation of a Pharmaceutical Industrial Park. Additionally, the proposed Ghana Pharma Innovation Fund is being discussed to provide the necessary financial and technical support to foster domestic research, despite challenges such as high operational costs and the current dependence on imported raw materials. These domestic efforts align with a broader continental push for health security led by the Africa CDC. Director-General Jean Kaseya has recently advocated for increased self-sufficiency across African nations, urging countries to leverage their manufacturing capabilities to manage health crises and secure sovereignty over health data. By strengthening its regulatory frameworks and manufacturing base, Ghana is positioning itself as a key player in this regional movement. Minister Akandoh remains optimistic that these reforms will result in a more resilient, efficient, and accessible healthcare delivery system for all Ghanaians.

Ghana Health Service Warns of Alarming Rise in Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents
health|

Ghana Health Service Warns of Alarming Rise in Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents

Health experts and the Ghana Health Service are sounding the alarm over a sharp increase in diabetes cases among the nation’s youth, a condition once largely associated with older populations. This rising prevalence of 'sugar sickness' in children is primarily linked to drastic shifts in lifestyle and dietary patterns across Ghanaian households. As families navigate the pressures of modern urban life, the traditional nutritional foundations are being replaced by high-calorie, processed alternatives, leading to a public health crisis that threatens the well-being of the next generation. The core of the issue lies in the demanding work schedules of many parents, which often leave little time for the preparation of balanced, home-cooked meals. Consequently, many children are increasingly reliant on sugary drinks and packaged snacks as quick substitutes for school lunches and dinners. This dietary shift is exacerbated by a significant reduction in physical activity; with increased screen time from television and mobile devices replacing outdoor play, many Ghanaian children are leading more sedentary lives, contributing to weight gain and metabolic imbalances. Data from the Ghana Health Service highlights a particularly concerning trend: an upward trajectory in Type 2 diabetes cases, which were historically rare in children. The study points out that young females between the ages of 9 and 19 are disproportionately affected. Although Ghana currently lacks a comprehensive nationwide registry for childhood diabetes, localized studies and clinical observations indicate that the problem is widespread and growing. Experts warn that many cases go undetected until symptoms become severe, as the condition often progresses silently during its early stages. To combat this trend, health practitioners are urging parents to prioritize early detection through regular blood tests and to re-evaluate household lifestyle choices. Encouraging children to engage in regular physical exercise and reintroducing fiber-rich, traditional Ghanaian meals are seen as essential steps in reversing the tide. As the country moves forward under the administration of President John Mahama, addressing these non-communicable diseases through improved public health education and school-based nutrition programs remains a critical priority for the nation's healthcare agenda.

Uganda Declares End to Latest Ebola Outbreak as WHO and Tanzania Maintain Regional Vigilance
health|

Uganda Declares End to Latest Ebola Outbreak as WHO and Tanzania Maintain Regional Vigilance

Uganda has officially declared the end of its latest Ebola outbreak, marking a significant public health milestone after completing the mandatory 42-day monitoring period with no new infections. Health Minister Chris Baryomunsi confirmed the country is now Ebola-free following the successful discharge of the last patient. During this specific cycle, which began approximately ten weeks ago, the nation recorded 20 confirmed cases. Of these, 18 patients were successfully treated and discharged, while two individuals tragically succumbed to the virus. The outbreak's origin was traced back to cross-border transmission following reports of cases in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in mid-May. Despite the challenges posed by global health aid cuts, Uganda utilized its extensive experience in managing viral hemorrhagic fevers—built over multiple outbreaks since 2000—to contain the spread. Enhanced surveillance and swift medical intervention were credited with keeping the fatality rate relatively low compared to previous occurrences, showcasing the country's robust expertise in managing such high-risk infections. While Uganda celebrates this achievement, the World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned that the regional threat remains high. The neighboring DRC continues to struggle with a much larger and more persistent outbreak, which has resulted in 3,360 confirmed cases and 1,487 deaths. Because of the frequent movement of people across the porous borders between the two nations, the WHO intends to continue intensive monitoring to prevent potential re-importation of the virus into Ugandan territory. In response to the ongoing situation in the DRC, other neighboring countries like Tanzania are remaining on high alert. Dr. Erasto Odindo from Tanzania’s Ministry of Health indicated that the country will maintain its anti-Ebola measures and heightened surveillance at key entry points until the DRC is officially declared free of the virus. This coordinated regional caution underscores the reality that while individual nations may clear the disease, the East African corridor remains vulnerable until the source of transmission in the DRC is fully contained.