Paul Kagame and M23 officials host AU elders for peace talks

Armed militias seize control of gold mines in southeastern DR Congo

Local militias in the southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are exploiting the ongoing conflict with Rwanda-backed M23 rebels to seize control of lucrative gold mines. In regions such as the village of Mwala, teenagers armed with Kalashnikov rifles have become a common sight, acting as self-appointed security guards for mining operations. These groups are taking advantage of the security vacuum created as government forces focus on the M23 insurgency, effectively establishing their own fiefdoms within the country's mineral-rich provinces. The activities of these militias extend far beyond simple security. They are reportedly extorting money from local villagers and imposing illegal tolls on mining companies passing through their territory. While some of these fighters have been integrated into the national army to combat the M23 group, many others operate independently and have become increasingly well-armed. This proliferation of weaponry and the decentralized nature of these groups have significantly complicated efforts by the central government to stabilize the region and protect its citizens. The economic stakes in the region are high, particularly with the recent discovery of lithium in Tanganyika province. While such mineral wealth holds the promise of significant economic growth for the DRC, persistent insecurity driven by militia activity is a major deterrent for foreign investment. Civil society leaders and local residents have expressed a growing lack of trust in government forces, warning that the presence of armed groups—whether sanctioned or not—creates a precarious environment where violence can escalate with little warning. As the conflict with M23 continues to draw the state’s attention and resources, the consolidation of power by local militias in the mining sector threatens the long-term stability of southeastern DRC. Without a clear strategy to disarm these groups or integrate them effectively into a unified command structure, the cycle of extortion and illegal mining is likely to persist. For a nation looking to leverage its mineral resources for development, the presence of armed teenagers at the gates of its mines remains a stark reminder of the significant governance challenges ahead.